Proportional band or throttling range is the:
a. Control method in which the final control element moves proportionally to the deviation of the controlled variable from the setpoint
b. Control algorithm that combines the proportional and integral algorithms
c. Compensation action where a decrease in the compensation variable has the same effect as an increase in the controlled variable
d. Control point range through which the controlled variable must pass to drive the final control element through its full range
e. Sustained deviation between the control point and the setpoint of a proportional control system under stable operating conditions
Answer: D